093型SSN的艺术家想象图。潜水艇可能装备俄国制造的和本国自行制造的鱼雷和反舰/对陆攻击巡航导弹。Artist impression of the Type 093 SSN. The submarine is possibly armed with Russian-made and indigenous torpedoes and anti-ship/land attack cruise missiles.

    093型是中国第二代核攻击潜水艇（SSN），由位于辽宁省葫芦岛（Huludao）的葫芦岛（Huludao）造船厂建造。093型计划最初在1980年早期开始，而且它的存在2003年被五角大楼首次报导。从1990年代中期以后俄国Rubin设计局据说已经协助中国发展潜水艇。第一艘潜艇根据传闻在2001~02年之间下水，而且已经从2003年以后经受海试。潜水艇可能没有准备好用于操作部署，至少再过数年之久。

093型SSN的计算机生成图像。至少一艘093型潜水艇已经被制造，并且现在正在经受海试和评估。Computer-generated image of the Type 093 SSN. At least one Type 093 submarine has been built and is currently undergoing sea trial and evaluation.

    计划

    中国新一代核潜艇计划能够回溯到1980年早期，PLA海军为一种新的核攻击潜水艇（SSN）发出需求，当做它的第一代091型（北约代号：汉级）核攻击潜水艇的后继型号。潜水艇发展计划，命名为093型，正式地在1983年7月被PLA领导层核准。然而，发展计划在它的早期阶段仅仅取得非常有限的进展，归于巨大的技术困难，尤其核反应堆和舰载武器系统。

    在它的蓝图能够被完成之前，093型设计要求性能甚至优于已存有的西方和苏联核潜艇。结果，潜水艇设计组放弃最初的设计，去符合来自PLA海军修改的需求。发展被中止直到1990年中期，当在圣彼得堡（St. Petersburg）-建立的Rubin中央设计局为船舶轮机工程开始在093型发展中协助中国设计组。俄国投入计划在使093型计划复活方面扮演重要角色，在1990年后期最后安排到建造阶段。

    准确的来讲中国设计组已经从Rubin设计局接受到多少帮助是未知的，但是它也许可能包括多种关键性的协助，像是全部的艇壳设计、发动机和机械静音，战斗系统设计，武器系统和对抗措施装备。修改的093型设计据说受到俄国巨大影响，它的一般性能比得上俄国Victor-III级SSN，最初在1970年被苏联海军引进。

俄国Victor III级SSN。093型的设计据说是在俄国巨大影响力之下。潜水艇在性能和静音方面可能比得上Victor III级。Russian Victor III class SSN. The design of the Type 093 is said to be under heavy Russian influence. The submarine may be comparable to the Victor III class in general performance and quietness.

    美国海军情报和五角大厦预测PLA海军会在大约2010年之前有3~4艘093型潜水艇，其它消息来源认为最后生产可以达到6到8艘。要建造的准确数目可能充分依赖第一艘潜艇正在进行的海试结果，已经从2003年以后在PLA 海军的葫芦岛（Huludao）潜水艇基地进行。

    设计

    093型被估计潜水排水量6,000~7,000吨。如果潜水艇匹配或超过俄国Victor III级性能，它会表现PLA的SSN技术的一个重要进步，超过它的第一代091型汉级。Victor III级设计的像美国688（洛杉矶）级SSN一样的安静，而且使用复杂的声纳系统，包括艇艏、侧面安装和拖曳声呐阵列。Victor III级据说最大潜深400~600米，093型被期望能够达成相同的深度。

    武器

    093型被期望去装备使用533毫米和650毫米鱼雷发射管，能发射俄国或自行研制的线制导、声音和尾流自导引鱼雷，反舰和对陆攻击巡航导弹。有能力发射对陆-攻击巡航导弹（LACM）将会使PLA海军能够拥有有限的全球海军力量，投射任一的核或非核武器。

    补充资料：《海底巨龙-中国海军的潜艇部队》转自新浪军事

　　中国海军正积极为第一代核潜艇寻求替代品。新的093型攻击核潜艇不久将会替代“汉”级潜艇，“汉”级的最后一艘于1990年开始服役。西方认为，093型在技术上和俄罗斯的“胜利Ⅲ”型潜艇很相似，拥有改进的声纳探测系统和先进的静音设备。最近，中国的一篇文章称，自主生产的反应堆可使093型的速度超过40节，还断言093型的作战能力可与美国的“洛杉矶”级攻击核潜艇相提并论。中国有报道称，093型将装备650毫米鱼雷管，能够发射俄制最大可追踪航迹鱼雷(65/DT/DST92)，它被专门研制用来对付航空母舰。第一艘093型已于2002年开始建造。

    点击阅读：093型核潜艇领先美国，北约迫不及待命名“晋”级

    附原文供对照参考：

TYPE 093 NUCLEAR ATTACK SUBMARINE

The Type 093 is the second-generation Chinese nuclear attack submarine (SSN) built by Huludao Shipyard in Huludao, Liaoning Province. The Type 093 programme originally began in the early 1980s, and its existence was first reported by Pentagon in 2003. Russian Rubin Design Bureau is said to have been assisting China to develop the submarine since the mid-1990s. The first hull was reportedly launched between 2001~02, and has been undergoing sea trial since 2003. The submarine may not be ready for operational deployment for at least another few years.

PROGRAMME

China’s new generation nuclear submarine programme can be dated back to the early 1980s, when the PLA navy issued the requirement for a new nuclear attack submarine (SSN) as the successor to its first-generation Type 091 (NATO codename: Han class) nuclear attack submarine. The submarine development programme, codenamed Type 093, was officially approved by the PLA leaders in July 1983. However, the development programme only made very limited progress in its early stage due to enormous technical difficulties, especially the nuclear reactor and onboard weapon systems.

The Type 093 was outperformed by the existing Western and Soviet nuclear submarines even before its blueprint could be finished. As a result, the submarine design team had to given up the original design to meet the revised requirements from the PLA Navy. The development was suspended until the mid-1990s, when St. Petersburg-based Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering began to assist the Chinese design team in the Type 093 development. The Russian involvement in the programme has played an important role in reviving the Type 093 project, which finally made to the construction stage in the late 1990s.

Exactly how much help the Chinese design team had received from Rubin Design Bureau is unknown, but it could potentially include a range of critical assistance, such as overall hull design, engine and machinery quieting, combat system design, and weapon system and countermeasures outfit. The revised Type 093 design is said to be of heavy Russian influence, with its general performance comparable to that of the Russian Victor-III class SSN originally introduced in the late 1970s by the Soviet navy.

The U.S. Navy intelligence and Pentagon predicted that the PLA navy would have around 3~4 Type 093 submarines by 2010, other sources suggested that eventual production could reach 6 to 8 units. The exact number to be built may well depends on the results of the ongoing sea trial for the first hull, which has been carried out at the PLA Navy’s Huludao submarine base since 2003.

DESIGN

The Type 093 is estimated to be 6,000~7,000t displacement when dived. If the submarine matches or exceeds the Russian Victor III class in performance, it would represent a significant advance in the PLA’s SSN technology over its first-generation Type 091 Han class. The Victor III class is rated as quiet as the U.S. 688 (Los Angeles) class SSN, and uses sophisticated sonar system, to include bow, flank-mounted and towed sonar arrays. The Victor III is reported to have a max dive depth of 400~600m, and the Type 093 is expected to be able to reach the same depth.

WEAPONS

The Type 093 is expected to be armed with 533mm and 650mm torpedo tubes which can launch Russian or indigenous wire-, acoustic, and wave-homing torpedoes as well as anti-ship and land attack cruise missiles. The capability to launch the land-attack cruise missile (LACM) would enable the PLA Navy to have limited global naval power projection for either nuclear or non-nuclear weapons.